> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://startower.gitbook.io/star-tower-chain/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://startower.gitbook.io/star-tower-chain/basic-knowledge/what-is-the-miners-fee.md).

# What is the miner's fee?

The miner fee (Gas Fee) is the fee paid by users when they execute transactions or operate smart contracts on the blockchain network. It is used to reward miners (or validators) for processing transac

**1、Bitcoin public chain miner fees**

As the earliest blockchain network, Bitcoin (BTC) adopts the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism. Miners package transactions by calculating a large number of mathematical problems. Therefore, miner fees, also known as transaction fees, are used to reward miners for transaction verification. Bitcoin's miner fees are usually based on the byte size of transactions rather than the transaction amount.

* **Miner fee calculation**: miner fee = transaction size (bytes) \* rate per byte (satoshis/byte)
* **Transaction speed**: Users can increase transaction confirmation speed by paying higher miner fees; miners prioritize transactions that pay higher fees.
* **Network status**: Bitcoin's miner fees fluctuate widely, especially when the network is congested.

**Example:**

* **BTC transfers**: When the network is not busy, the miner fee for the transfer is about $1 to $2; when the network is congested, it may rise to more. Transaction fees are related to the data size of the transaction, and may be higher if multiple inputs are involved (such as multiple small transaction mergers).

**2、EVMCompatible with public chain miner fees**

EVM（Ethereum Virtual Machine）Compatible public blockchains usually use "Gas" as the transaction fee unit. The price of Gas is determined by the congestion of the network. Users can set the price of Gas to affect the priority of transactions. Typical EVM-compatible public blockchains include Ethereum, BNB Chain, etc.

* **Miner fee calculation**: In the EVM compatible chain, the fee is determined by the Gas Price (unit price) and the Gas Limit (quantity) consumed, where the calculation formula is: **Miner fee = Gas Limit \* Gas Price**
* **Transaction speed**: Users can pay higher gas prices to accelerate transaction processing.

example：

* The Gas of Ethereum (ETH) is ETH
* The Gas of BNB Chain (BSC) is BNB
* The Gas of Polygon (Pol) is Pol

**3、Miner fees for TRON public chain (TRON)**

The transaction fee of the TRON network is calculated through "energy" and "bandwidth". Users can obtain free energy and bandwidth by locking TRX. They can also pay a certain amount of TRX to complete transactions. The transfer of TRX can complete one transfer using the daily updated bandwidth. If the bandwidth is insufficient, TRX still needs to be consumed to pay for on-chain transactions.

* Bandwidth: For ordinary TRX transfers, it is usually free, and users receive a certain amount of free bandwidth every day.
* Energy: Used to execute smart contracts, consuming energy. If the user does not have enough energy, the system will automatically pay with TRX.

**Example**:

* The gas of the TRON public chain can be either TRX or energy and bandwidth. StarTower has innovatively integrated energy payment into the system, and energy payment can be checked when performing transfer or DApp interaction, thus greatly saving the cost of TRX.
* StarTower also supports the use of USDT for payment, which can complete operations such as activation, energy or bandwidth rental during transactions, providing a very convenient experience for users without TRX or energy.

**The miner fees charged by the transfer network will vary depending on the network. Once the transaction is confirmed, the miner fees cannot be refunded regardless of whether the transaction was successful or not.**

The miner fee is charged by the transfer network you choose, and the TokenPocket wallet does not charge any fees!